The displacements of human groups, from their place of origin to other places, zones or countries (immigration), exist since the human being exists.
These displacements or changes of residence occur for a variety of reasons: search for food, settlement of new lands, forced transfer of slaves, exodus of ethnic or religious minorities harassed by violence, horror of wars, political causes, etc.
From World War II the most characteristic immigration is of an economic type. Thus the countries receiving immigrants are countries with industrial development and demographic recession and the countries that contribute immigrants are underdeveloped and with a low quality of life.
2. TYPES OF MIGRATION
A) INTERNAL MIGRATION
They are produced within the country of origin itself. The effect of these migrations has been the concentration of population in urban centers, since there has been a displacement of the countryside to the city. Immigration has been permanently settled and the towns have suffered a lot of population decline, especially young, being in many cases abandoned or with a very old population.
B) EXTERNAL MIGRATIONS
They occur outside the country of origin.
Transoceanic, intracontinental and border movements are distinguished. They give rise to more intense problems of adaptation and assimilation than internal immigration.
C) TEMPORARY MIGRATIONS.
They are organized in periods of different amplitude, but they have the characteristic of that returns to the place of origin.
These immigration can take place inside or outside the country itself.
At present the immigrants come from North Africa and Eastern European countries.
D) PERMANENT MIGRATIONS.
Moving away in time a clear example would be colonial immigration.
The immigrant is inserted in the country where he or she ends up in a definitive way, taking with him to his own family or forming a new one.
USA Is at present a very important focus of attraction, not only for the countries of its surroundings, but for the more distant ones.
They occur outside the country of origin.
Transoceanic, intracontinental and border movements are distinguished. They give rise to more intense problems of adaptation and assimilation than internal immigration.
C) TEMPORARY MIGRATIONS.
They are organized in periods of different amplitude, but they have the characteristic of that returns to the place of origin.
These immigration can take place inside or outside the country itself.
At present the immigrants come from North Africa and Eastern European countries.
D) PERMANENT MIGRATIONS.
Moving away in time a clear example would be colonial immigration.
The immigrant is inserted in the country where he or she ends up in a definitive way, taking with him to his own family or forming a new one.
USA Is at present a very important focus of attraction, not only for the countries of its surroundings, but for the more distant ones.
Until the mid-1980s, migration was considered to be a male phenomenon, since it was men who used to go to other countries in search of work and a better wage than their country of origin to maintain his family. The women used to take care of the children. Today, women account for almost half of the world's migrant population. Migration is often considered as a gender neutral, since it deals with the process of displacement of people, however, it is in fact related to gender since migration impacts differently on men and women and on different groups of men and women in Its process of displacement.
Awareness of gender phenomena exposes roles and relationships between men and women that may be imperceptible as well as obvious. These relationships are defined in and by the sociocultural structures and systems of the society where people live. The experiences that migrant men and women have differ and many of the differences are due to the role, behavior and relationships that society assigns to and expects from a woman or a man in a country of origin and a country of origin. destination.
In the design of policies and programs, it is important to recognize and respect the background and socio-cultural context for gender relations in the countries of origin. This will have impacts and will determine the ability of individuals to benefit from policies and programs.
However, policies and provisions related to migration in countries of origin and / or destination have generally not adjusted to this trend. Despite increasing evidence of the gendered nature of migration, most migration-related policies and provisions are not influenced by gender. They often underestimate or disparage the gendered nature of migration, with unforeseen consequences for women. Despite the "feminisation of migration," men are still often regarded as the "norm", ignoring the needs, aspirations and ability to act independently of women. Policies and provisions do not normally consider the roles and relationships between men and women.
